Evidence and scope
Scientific claims should be traceable to primary literature, established methods references, manufacturer documentation, or clearly identified laboratory experience. General principles are separated from sample-, antibody-, and instrument-specific conditions whenever possible.
Protocol language
Conditions are presented as starting points or comparison variables unless a source supports a more specific recommendation. Bright signal alone is not treated as evidence of specificity; controls, expected localization, morphology, and acquisition settings are considered together.
Images and illustrations
Original educational illustrations may be digitally generated or edited. They are used to explain workflows, optical relationships, controls, and artifact patterns, and are not presented as experimental data. Third-party figures are not used without an appropriate license, permission, or clear attribution.
Content checks and maintenance
Article information identifies the cited source basis, content version, revision dates, and the scope of text and source checks. A content check does not establish independent laboratory validation or external scientific peer review. Readers should validate the complete workflow with the actual specimen, antibody, controls, and microscope.
Corrections and revisions
Material changes that affect scientific meaning, interpretation, safety, or cited evidence are recorded on the corrections page. Suggestions and error reports can be submitted through the contact page.